光谱分析仪的分析原理是将光源辐射出的待测元素的特征光谱通过样品的蒸汽中待测元素的基态原子所吸收，由发射光谱被减弱的程度，进而求得样品中待测元素的含量，它符合郎珀-比尔定律 A= -lg I/I o= -LgT = KCL 式中I为透射光强度，I0为发射光强度，T为透射比，L为光通过原子化器光程由于L是不变值所以A=KC。

Analysis of the principle of spectrum analyzer is absorbed by the atom analyte spectral radiation light through the sample vapor analyte, was attenuated by emission spectrum, and content in the sample elements is obtained. It is consistent with Bill's law A= -lg Lang Perot - I/I o= -LgT = KCL I is the transmission light intensity, I0 emission intensity, T transmission, L light through the atomizer path because L is a constant value so A=KC.

物理原理

Physical principle

任何元素的原子都是由原子核和绕核运动的电子组成的，原子核外电子按其能量的高低分层分布而形成不同的能级，因此，一个原子核可以具有多种能级状态。

The atom of any element is composed of electronic and atomic nuclei around the nucleus of the atom electron distribution by the energy level of stratification and the formation of different level, therefore, a nucleus can have a variety of levels.

能量最低的能级状态称为基态能级（E0=0），其余能级称为激发态能级，而能最低的激发态则称为第一激发态。正常情况下，原子处于基态，核外电子在各自能量最低的轨道上运动。

The lowest energy level is called the ground state energy level (E0=0), and the rest is called the excited state energy level, while the lowest excited state is called the first excited state. Normally, the atoms are in the ground state, and the electrons outside the nucleus move in the lowest energy orbits.

如果将一定外界能量如光能提供给该基态原子，当外界光能量E恰好等于该基态原子中基态和某一较高能级之间的能级差E时，该原子将吸收这一特征波长的光，外层电子由基态跃迁到相应的激发态，而产生原子吸收光谱。

If a certain external energy such as solar energy is supplied to the ground state of the atom, when the outside light weight E is equal to the ground state atom between ground and a higher level of the energy gap of E, the atomic absorption of this characteristic wavelengths, the outer electrons in ground transition to the excited state, and atomic absorption spectrum.

电子跃迁到较高能级以后处于激发态，但激发态电子是不稳定的，大约经过10^-8秒以后，激发态电子将返回基态或其它较低能级，并将电子跃迁时所吸收的能量以光的形式释放出去，这个过程称原子发射光谱。可见原子吸收光谱过程吸收辐射能量，而原子发射光谱过程则释放辐射能量。

The electronic transitions to a higher level after in the excited state, but the electronic excited state is unstable, after about 10^-8 seconds, the excited electron will return to the ground state or other relatively low level, and will be absorbed by the electronic transition in the form of light energy to release, this process is called atomic emission spectrometry. It can be seen that the atomic absorption spectrum absorbs the radiation energy, while the atomic emission spectrum releases the radiation energy.