光谱分析仪的分析原理是将光源辐射出的待测元素的特征光谱通过样品的蒸汽中待测元素的基态原子所吸收，由发射光谱被减弱的程度，进而求得样品中待测元素的含量。它符合郎珀-比尔定律 A= -lg I/I o= -LgT = KCL 式中I为透射光强度，I0为发射光强度，T为透射比，L为光通过原子化器光程由于L是不变值所以A=KC。
The principle of spectral analyzer is to absorb the characteristic spectra of the elements to be measured from the light source through the ground state atoms of the elements to be measured in the vapor of the sample, and then calculate the content of the elements to be measured from the degree of the emission spectrum weakened. It conforms to Lambert-Beer's law A=-lg I/I=-LgT=KCL in which I is the intensity of transmission, I0 is the intensity of emission, T is the transmittance, L is the path of light through atomizer because L is invariant so A=KC.
物理原理任何元素的原子都是由原子核和绕核运动的电子组成的，原子核外电子按其能量的高低分层分布而形成不同的能级，因此，一个原子核可以具有多种能级状态。能量最低的能级状态称为基态能级（E0=0），其余能级称为激发态能级，而能最低的激发态则称为第一激发态。
The atoms of any element are composed of nuclei and electrons moving around the nucleus. The electrons outside the nucleus form different energy levels according to their energy levels. Therefore, a nucleus can have many energy levels. The lowest energy level state is called ground state level (E0 = 0), the rest is called excited state level, and the lowest energy level is called the first excited state.